Male fertility refers to a man’s ability to father a child, which depends on the production of healthy sperm and proper function of the reproductive system. Key factors include sperm count, motility, and morphology, along with hormonal balance and the health of organs like the testes and prostate. Common causes of male infertility include low sperm count, poor sperm quality, hormonal imbalances, infections, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions like varicocele. Treatments range from lifestyle changes and medications to assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), depending on the underlying cause.